Arctic Macro-Region in the Flow of Time and Meanings (on the Issue of International Arctic Cooperation)

Abstract

The article examines the issues of international cooperation in the Arctic macro-region, the current state of which is the result of both the evolutionary process of passing certain stages and the modern transformation of the world geopolitical landscape. Aim. Substantiation of proposals for improving the organizational forms of development of the tourism industry of the PRC based on the analysis of its current state and the implementation of the practical experience of the Russian Federation. Tasks. To identify the stages, describe the elements of the modern model, and propose a classification of areas of international Arctic cooperation. To emphasize the role of China and India as civilizational states in managing the development of the Arctic macro-region. To formulate the principles for the success of the NSR route, which has received the status of the Trans-Arctic Transport Corridor, linking Europe and Asia. Methods. Systems approach, logical analysis, synthesis, content analysis of open sources, modeling. Results. Study of the evolution of international Arctic cooperation, the current state and development prospects of the Northern Sea Route as a dominant and driver for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Systems approach, logical analysis, synthesis, content analysis of open sources, modeling. Results. The evolution of international cooperation in the Arctic has five stages, starting in 1648; since February 2022 the fifth stage has been underway, which has its own specifics and forms a modern model of cooperation implemented through international organizations, integration associations, government initiatives, scientific research and environmental projects. It is advisable to classify the areas of international Arctic cooperation by type, sphere, purpose, type and powers of its participants. The dominant feature and driver of the development of the Russian segment of the Arctic is the Northern Sea Route, the fundamental success of the route along which is due to speed, safety and benefit. In the context of the renewal of global governance institutions, the role of states-civilizations that are members of the BRICS Forum integration association in managing the development of the Arctic (Russia, China, India) is becoming more important.