Political Parties of the Republic of Guinea in Shaping the Country’s Foreign Policy: Eurasian Emphasis

Abstract

Aim and tasks. In this paper, the focus is on the Republic of Guinea, located in West Africa. A significant role in determining the country’s foreign policy belongs to political parties, which perform an important function of shaping the political course of the state. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to identify the peculiarities of the foreign policy approaches of the leading political parties of the Republic of Guinea. To achieve this goal, tasks related to the factor of ethnicity in the implementation of foreign policy, the influence of ethnicity in the activities of political parties, and the peculiarities of the political process in the Republic of Guinea are being solved. Methods. The article uses a comparative analysis method to compare the leading political parties of the Republic of Guinea, as well as a discourse analysis to study their programs. A retrospective analysis of the political system made it possible to trace the evolution of the formation of political institutions, such as political parties, and the specifics of their formation.The paper analyzes the programs of five political parties: the Association of the Guinean People, the Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea, the Union of Republican Forces, the Party of Hope for National Development and the Liberal Bloc. Results. The Republic of Guinea is in a transitional stage of its development. Solving domestic political problems related to overcoming the political crisis, politicizing ethnicity, and creating a solidary society will contribute to shaping foreign policy priorities. The leading political parties of the country, as the most important democratic institutions of society, play a decisive role in this process. Conclusions. The formation of political parties in the Republic of Guinea is decisively influenced by the ethnic and regional factors due to the existing conflict among the ethnic groups that make up the State. Based on intertribal and ethnic contradictions, programs of political parties are being adopted, focused on solving both domestic and foreign policy tasks. For the sustainable development of society, it is necessary to harmonize their interests, optimize bureaucratic processes and strengthen democratic political institutions. Increasingly, political parties are focusing their foreign policy programs on the countries of the Eurasian region.